ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭtāb
ʿUmar I. ʿUmar I, in full ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭtāb, (born c. 586, Mecca, Arabia [now in Saudi Arabia]—died November 3, 644, Medina, Arabia), the second Muslim caliph (from 634), under whom Arab armies conquered Mesopotamia and Syria and began the conquest of Iran and Egypt.
What is meant by Khilafah?
The word Khilafah comes from Khalafa which means successor. In the context of Islamic political thought, Khilafah is a term referring to the model of government built by the four Caliphs after the Prophet passed away, namely Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali bin AbiTalib.
Who destroyed Fatimid dynasty?
During the late eleventh and twelfth centuries, the Fatimid caliphate declined rapidly, and in 1171, Saladin invaded its territory.
Who was known as Second Umar?
Umar II
| Umar II عمر بن عبد العزيز | |
|---|---|
| Predecessor | Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik |
| Successor | Yazid II |
| Born | 2 November 682 Medina, Saudi Arabia, Umayyad Caliphate |
| Died | c. 5 February 720 CE/101 AH (aged 37) Dayr Sim’an, Syria, Umayyad Caliphate |
Why did the Sunni and Shia split?
Shia and Sunni Islam are the two prominent denominations of Islam. The origin of their separation can be traced back to a dispute over the succession to the Islamic prophet Muhammad as a caliph of the Islamic community.
Who was the first Fatimid ruler?
al-Mahdī
The first caliph, al-Mahdī, established his capital at Mahdiyyah (founded 920) on the east coast of Tunisia. His successors al-Qāʾim (reigned 934–946), al-Manṣūr (reigned 946–953), and al-Muʿizz (reigned 953–975) ruled from there. In 913–915, 919–921, and 925, unsuccessful expeditions were sent against Egypt.
What was the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate?
of Cairo
This opposition became more significant following the Fatimid conquest of Egypt in 969. At this time, the Fatimids founded the city of Cairo (al-Qahira, “the triumphant”) and established it as their new capital (973).
