Intravascular hemolysis occurs when erythrocytes are destroyed in the blood vessel itself, whereas extravascular hemolysis occurs in the hepatic and splenic macrophages within the reticuloendothelial system.

What is hemolytic anemia Slideshare?

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS Definition: • Increased destruction of RBC outside the bone marrow resulting in shortened RBC lifespan • Destruction may be within vessels( intravascular ) within the spleen ( extravascular ) or both. 6.

What are the features of extravascular hemolysis *?

Extravascular hemolysis An enlarged spleen may sequester even normal RBCs. Severely abnormal RBCs or RBCs coated with cold antibodies or complement (C3) are destroyed within the circulation and in the liver, which (because of its large blood flow) can remove damaged cells efficiently.

What are the causes of intravascular hemolysis?

Intravascular hemolysis occurs in hemolytic anemia due to the following:

  • Prosthetic cardiac valves.
  • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.
  • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation.
  • Transfusion of ABO incompatible blood.
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
  • COVID-19. [4, 5]

Does intravascular or extravascular hemolysis cause jaundice?

In both forms of hemolysis, there is anemia and jaundice. Hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria occur only in intravascular hemolysis. Hypertrophy of the mononuclear phagocyte system and consequent splenomegaly are seen only in extravascular hemolysis.

What happens in intravascular hemolysis?

Intravascular hemolysis is the destruction of red blood cells in the circulation with the release of cell contents into the plasma. Mechanical trauma from a damaged endothelium, complement fixation and activation on the cell surface, and infectious agents may cause direct membrane degradation and cell destruction.

What are the types of hemolytic anemia?

Types of hemolytic anemia

  • sickle cell disease.
  • thalassemia.
  • red cell membrane disorders, such as hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis and hereditary pyropoikliocytosis, hereditary stomatocytosis and hereditary xeocytosis.
  • pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD)
  • glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.

What are the types of haemolytic Anaemia?

Types of Hemolytic Anemia

  • Sickle Cell Anemia. Sickle cell anemia is a serious, inherited disease.
  • Thalassemias.
  • Hereditary Spherocytosis.
  • Hereditary Elliptocytosis (Ovalocytosis)
  • Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency.
  • Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency.
  • Immune Hemolytic Anemia.
  • Mechanical Hemolytic Anemias.

Why is there splenomegaly in extravascular hemolysis?

Splenomegaly is usually associated with increased workload (such as in hemolytic anemias), which suggests that it is a response to hyperfunction. It is therefore not surprising that splenomegaly is associated with any disease process that involves abnormal red blood cells being destroyed in the spleen.

Where does intravascular hemolysis occur?

Intravascular hemolysis describes hemolysis that happens mainly inside the vasculature. As a result, the contents of the red blood cell are released into the general circulation, leading to hemoglobinemia and increasing the risk of ensuing hyperbilirubinemia.

Does bilirubin increase with intravascular hemolysis?

In hemolysis, the concentration of unconjugated bilirubin (indirect bilirubin) is increased, while in liver disease the level of conjugated bilirubin (direct bilirubin) is increased. However, if the patient has concomitant liver disease with an increased direct bilirubin level, the serum bilirubin test is not reliable.

Which is decreased in intravascular hemolysis?

Haptoglobin is significantly decreased during hemolysis, [22] both in intravascular forms, due to increased free plasma Hb and altered free/complexed haptoglobin balance, and in extravascular cases, where little intravascular lysis of structurally altered RBC escaped from reticuloendothelial clearance may be present [ …

What is the definition of intravascular?

Definition of intravascular. : situated in, occurring in, or administered by entry into a blood vessel. intravascular thrombosis . an intravascular injection.

What does disseminated intravascular coagulation mean?

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) a bleeding disorder characterized by abnormal reduction in the elements involved in blood clotting due to their use in widespread intravascular clotting.

What is intravascular blood clotting?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a condition in which small blood clots develop throughout the bloodstream, blocking small blood vessels. The increased clotting depletes the platelets and clotting factors needed to control bleeding, causing excessive bleeding.