Lidocaine (lignocaine, C14H22N2O, MW 234.34) occurs as a white to slightly yellow, crystalline powder with a characteristic odor. Lidocaine is practically insoluble in water and very soluble in alcohol; it dissolves in oils.
Which drug are used for topical preparation?
1.2. Examples of drugs delivered topically include corticosteroids, antifungals, antivirals, antibiotics, antiseptics, local anesthetics, and antineoplastics.
Which polymer is used in external lotion and gel preparation?
Polyethylene and its co-polymers: Various forms of polyethylene and its copolymers are used to gel hydrophobic liquids. The result is a soft, easily spreadable semisolid that forms a water-resistant film on the skin surface.
What is the pH of Carbopol?
Carbopol is a polyacrylicacid (PAA) polymer, which shows a sol to gel transition in aqueous solution as the pH is raised above its pKa of about 5.5 [10].
What is the difference between carbomer and Carbopol?
Carbopol® polymer is a product brand name of The Lubrizol Corporation. In contrast, “Carbomer” is one of the generic names that can be used to describe Carbopol® polymers. Carbomer can be defined as a high molecular weight polymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with allyl ethers of polyalcohols.
What ingredients are in lidocaine?
The molecular formula of lidocaine is C14H22N2O. The molecular weight is 234.34. Composition of Solution: Each mL contains 20 mg (2%) of lidocaine hydrochloride USP and the following inactive ingredients: carboxymethylcellulose sodium, flavoring, methylparaben, propylparaben, purified water and saccharin sodium.
Is lidocaine the same as lidocaine?
Lidocaine, also known as lignocaine and sold under the brand name Xylocaine among others, is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type.
Which is more effective cream or ointment?
In general, creams are better than ointments for treating oozing or wet skin conditions like eczema. Creams evaporate much quickly than ointments and thus heals such conditions faster. Ointments are thicker. Since they stay longer on your skin’s surface, they can add moisture to your skin and keep it hydrated.
How are Carbomers made?
Carbomers are high molecular weight cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) polymers. Cross-linking is achieved using allyl sucrose or allyl pentaerythritol. Most grades are fluffy white powders that swell in water to form hydrogels. The acrylic acid backbone of the polymer provided it with pH dependent properties.
How to make ointment by fusion?
1. Ointments prepared by Fusion method: When an ointment base contain a number of solid ingredients such as white beeswax, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, hard paraffin, etc. as components of the base, it is required to melted them. The melting can be done in two methods:
Does ointment base need to be melted?
When an ointment base contain a number of solid ingredients such as white beeswax, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, hard paraffin, etc. as components of the base, it is required to melted them. The melting can be done in two methods:
What is an ointment base?
Definition: Ointments are semisolid preparations for application to the skin or mucosae. The ointment bases are almost always anhydrous and generally contains one or more medicaments in suspension or solution. 1. It should be chemically and physically stable. 2. It should be smooth and free from grittiness. 3.
How much ointment do I need to prepare?
Prepare 120 g of each of the following five ointments on a w/w basis. One partner should prepare bases #1, 3, and 5 while the other prepares #2 and 4. Make sure that you closely follow the procedures for preparation. Around two (2) to four (4) grams of an ointment may be lost in the compounding process.
